Monday, January 4, 2016

How to write a good thesis statement

English 28 
Mr. Tompkins

THE THESIS STATEMENT

The thesis is the ONE sentence that contains
the foundation, the premise, the argument
you are presenting to your readers.
It is the core of the essay.
Strive to make it strong and clear.


ELEMENTS OF THESIS:

  • It must be ARGUABLE.
This means it presents an opinion, an argument, or an illustration of a view or experience.  It is not a mere statement of fact. 

  • It must ADDRESS the TOPIC.
While this element seems obvious too, writers often get going and one thought leads to another and another and the topic gets left behind. Re-read the prompt several times to make sure you haven’t gone off topic beyond the parameters of the assignment. 

  • It must be SPECIFIC enough to be covered in the paper.
What is the length of the assignment: two pages? ten pages? The length determines how broad or narrow the scope of your thesis will be. Adjust accordingly. 

  • It must MAKE SENSE.
This is the catch-all element that asks you to re-consider your wording, syntax, diction, and grammar. Make changes as you see fit.

Creating a Useful Outline

Why and How to Create a Useful Outline

Summary:
This resource describes why outlines are useful, what types of outlines exist, suggestions for developing effective outlines, and how outlines can be used as an invention strategy for writing.
Contributors:Elyssa Tardiff, Allen Brizee
Last Edited: 2010-04-17 05:26:08
Why create an outline? There are many reasons; but in general, it may be helpful to create an outline when you want to show the hierarchical relationship or logical ordering of information. For research papers, an outline may help you keep track of large amounts of information. For creative writing, an outline may help organize the various plot threads and help keep track of character traits. Many people find that organizing an oral report or presentation in outline form helps them speak more effectively in front of a crowd. Below are the primary reasons for creating an outline.
  • Aids in the process of writing
  • Helps you organize your ideas
  • Presents your material in a logical form
  • Shows the relationships among ideas in your writing
  • Constructs an ordered overview of your writing
  • Defines boundaries and groups
How do I create an outline?
  • Determine the purpose of your paper.
  • Determine the audience you are writing for.
  • Develop the thesis of your paper.
Then:
  • Brainstorm: List all the ideas that you want to include in your paper.
  • Organize: Group related ideas together.
  • Order: Arrange material in subsections from general to specific or from abstract to concrete.
  • Label: Create main and sub headings.
Remember: creating an outline before writing your paper will make organizing your thoughts a lot easier. Whether you follow the suggested guidelines is up to you, but making any kind of outline (even just some jotting down some main ideas) will be beneficial to your writing process.

Comma Worksheet


Comma Worksheet

Add commas as necessary to each sentence below.

1.   The documentary film that I saw last night was unusual disturbing and thought provoking.
2.   When I’m at home my cat follows me from room to room purring and waving his tail.
3.   My backpack which I carry with me all over campus has special compartments for pens a cell phone and a laptop computer.
4.   Growing up with a boy’s name my mother got used to getting put in Boys’ P.E. and hearing people say that her parents must have wanted a boy.
5.   Lisa put her hand on her hip and said “Excuse me Mr. Big Shot but what’s your point?”
6.   Chris liked to sit in the Jacuzzi especially after lifting weights or going for a long run.
7.    Fresh blueberries raspberries and boysenberries are great sources of antioxidants; however they can be expensive.
8.   After giving it some thought John and Maria decided against buying the house which was priced well above their budget.
9.   Whether it was chocolate vanilla mint chip or butter pecan Luis loved any kind of ice cream but he couldn’t stand frozen yogurt.
10.        Jason our upstairs neighbor has a lot of annoying habits such as playing music in the middle of the night and blocking the driveway with his car.


Seven Basic Rules for Using the Comma

The comma aids the reader in establishing relationships between words and clauses. Think of the comma as a separator, not as a pause.

There many rules for using commas and exceptions to those rules, but here are seven basic rules for using the comma that address the situations that come up most frequently in writing:

  1. Put a comma before but, and, or, for, nor, yet, and so when they connect two independent clauses (clauses that can stand alone as a sentence).
  2. Put a comma between items in a series.
  3. Put a comma after an introductory phrase or clause.
  4. Put commas around nonessential material or material that interrupts the sentence.
  5. Put commas before and after an interrupter (however, therefore, moreover).
  6. Put a comma after a verb before a direct quotation.
7.  Put a comma between adjectives not joined by and.





Seven Basic Rules for Using the Comma

The comma aids the reader in establishing relationships between words and clauses. Think of the comma as a separator, not as a pause.

There many rules for using commas and exceptions to those rules, but here are seven basic rules for using the comma that address the situations that come up most frequently in writing:

  1. Put a comma before but, and, or, for, nor, yet, and so when they connect two independent clauses (clauses that can stand alone as a sentence).
Ex.:    I loved the book, but I hated the movie.
  1. Put a comma between items in a series.
Ex.: Artists with skills, originality, and determination are often unemployed.
  1. Put a comma after an introductory phrase or clause (= comes before subject of sentence).
Ex.:    After dinner, we usually watch television.
  1. Put commas around nonessential material or material that interrupts the sentence.
Ex.:    The little cat, curled into a ball on the bed, yawned and went back to sleep.
  1. Put commas before and after an interrupter (however, therefore, moreover).
Ex.:    Sheila hit the ball; however, she was thrown out at first base.
  1. Put a comma after a verb before a direct quotation.
Ex.:    He asked, “Why are we here?”
7.  Put a comma between adjectives not joined by and.
Ex.:    The hardworking, sleep-deprived student hit the snooze button one more time.






Principles of Outlining

Basic Principles for Developing an Effective Outline

1.     Thesis statement should be specific, focused, and arguable.
2.     Supporting evidence should be clear, specific, and relevant to the thesis. 
3.     Supporting evidence should be divided into logical groups to form supporting points. 
4.     Supporting points should clearly relate to and support the thesis.
5.     Outline should present sufficient supporting points and evidence to support the thesis persuasively.
รจรจรจ Review the sample outline below, and evaluate it using the principles above. Does the outline demonstrate all of the principles? If not, how could it be revised to improve it? You may add pieces of evidence from the list at the bottom of the page.
________________________________________________________________________________
Sample Outline
Working thesis: Kobe Bryant is a better player than the great NBA stars of the 1970s and ‘80s.
Supporting point 1. – Kobe’s offense
A.             Reasons Kobe is a great offensive player 
B.             Scored 81 points in game versus Toronto Raptors in 2006 
Supporting point 2. – Kobe’s defense
A.             Defensive skills 
B.             Larry Bird and Magic Johnson were never named to the NBA’s All Defensive Team 
Supporting point 3. – Kobe’s clutch play
A.             Why Kobe’s great in the clutch 
B.             Gave himself the nickname “Black Mamba” 
________________________________________________________________________________
Additional evidence about Kobe Bryant
1.        Six game-winning shots during the 2009-10 season 
2.        Led the league in scoring during the 2005-06 and 2006-07 seasons 
3.        Named to the NBA All-Defensive Team ten times 
4.        Member of five NBA championship teams, twice named NBA Final MVP 
5.        Shares the single-game NBA record for three pointers made with twelve 
6.        According to Nate Smith of the sports blog BleacherReporter, “Kobe Bryant is the definition of clutch.” 
7.        Held Celtics’ star Rajon Rondo to his worst series in the 2010 playoffs


                                    รจรจรจ Next step: Write a topic sentence for each supporting point.

Sunday, January 3, 2016

Two Police Shootings (LA Times)

Ferguson, Mo., and L.A.: Two police shootings, one common thread
By the LA Times Editorial Board
There may be a world of difference between the shooting Saturday of an unarmed man by police in Ferguson, Mo., and the LAPD shooting Monday of an unarmed and apparently mentally ill man in South Los Angeles — or there may not be — but the incidents are bound by a common thread that runs through American history and that demands continuing attention and corrective action.
Certainly public safety requires police forces of well-trained officers ready to put their lives on the line for the people they serve. It also requires that the people who pay for and rightfully expect to be protected by the police have well-founded confidence in them, and that confidence requires in turn that the public has an opportunity to discover and challenge bad or outmoded police policies, practices and attitudes.
Less than a week has passed since the killing of 18-year-old Michael Brown in Ferguson, and even less time since the killing of 26-year-old Ezell Ford here, so it is simply not yet possible to say with certainty whether police in each case followed their training and policy. But a basic fact of life in Ferguson is undeniable: An overwhelmingly white police force disproportionately stops and arrests African Americans. It is a situation that resonates in other cities across the nation, where occupation-style policing in nonwhite neighborhoods once prevailed and may prevail still. People must have reason to believe that police will hear and heed their legitimate complaints, and if there appears to be no safe and rational forum for that conversation, they will seek another one, as the violent encounters in Ferguson over the last five nights show.
Los Angeles is high on the list of cities with long histories of police abuses, especially in African American neighborhoods. Those include a number of deadly encounters between officers and mentally disturbed people that could have been avoided, so the Ford shooting is necessarily seen and felt in that context. But Los Angeles also has a history, albeit a much shorter one, of police reform and community engagement, so there may exist sufficient residual confidence that Ford's tragic death will be properly investigated and any necessary corrective action taken.


That's still not enough, though. Even if it turns out that policy and procedure were scrupulously followed in the Ford shooting, it is hard to believe that police cannot refine their encounters with unarmed citizens to avoid the use of deadly force — and to avoid reopening wounds that have barely begun to heal here and remain raw elsewhere.

Peer Review Checklist Descriptive Essay

Questions for peer review of Essay outline – evaluate and offer suggestions for revision
Thesis: Is it a complete sentence?
Does it focus on a single specific topic?
            Does it express an opinion of point or view?
            Does it identify the specific location of the author’s observation? (e.g. “At the dog park at Silverlake Reservoir, dogs resemble their owners” – not “At public parks…”)
Supporting points / Topic sentences: Are there three to five supporting points / topic sentences?
            Is each topic sentence a complete sentence?
            Do the support points clearly relate to and support the thesis?
Can each support point be developed with specifics and details?
Good example: “There are unsafe conditions for children at the park.”
Bad example: “There was broken glass on the sidewalk.”               
Lists of specifics & details:
            Are two or more specifics & details included for each support point / topic sentence?
            Are there sufficient specifics & details to support the point persuasively?

 



Questions for peer review of Essay outline – evaluate and offer suggestions for revision
Thesis: Is it a complete sentence?
Does it focus on a single specific topic?
            Does it express an opinion or point of view?
            Does it identify the specific location of the author’s observation? (e.g. “At the dog park at Silverlake Reservoir, dogs resemble their owners” – not “At public parks…”)
Supporting points / Topic sentences: Are there three to five supporting points / topic sentences?
            Is each topic sentence a complete sentence?
            Do the support points clearly relate to and support the thesis?
Can each support point be developed with specifics and details?
Good example: “There are unsafe conditions for children at the park.”
Bad example: “There was broken glass on the sidewalk.”               
Lists of specifics & details:
            Are two or more specifics & details included for each support point / topic sentence?
            Are there sufficient specifics & details to support the point persuasively?

 



Questions for peer review of Essay outline – evaluate and offer suggestions for revision
Thesis: Is it a complete sentence?
Does it focus on a single specific topic?
            Does it express an opinion or point of view?
            Does it identify the specific location of the author’s observation? (e.g. “At the dog park at Silverlake Reservoir, dogs resemble their owners” – not “At public parks…”)
Supporting points / Topic sentences: Are there three to five supporting points / topic sentences?
            Is each topic sentence a complete sentence?
            Do the support points clearly relate to and support the thesis?
Can each support point be developed with specifics and details?
Good example: “There are unsafe conditions for children at the park.”
Bad example: “There was broken glass on the sidewalk.”               
Lists of specifics & details:
            Are two or more specifics & details included for each support point / topic sentence?

            Are there sufficient specifics & details to support the point persuasively?